Resistance training and mental health outcomes including depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis
Gordon BR, et al.
High-confidence evidence from multiple solid studies
Summary
A meta-analysis evaluating the effects of resistance training on depressive symptoms, anxiety, and general mental health. Analyzing 33 RCTs, resistance training was found to significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. Effect sizes were medium to large (d = 0.66), suggesting mental health benefits comparable to or exceeding aerobic exercise.
Key findings
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Resistance training significantly reduces depressive symptoms (ES d = 0.66)
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Anxiety symptoms also significantly improve, with effects comparable to or exceeding aerobic exercise
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Benefits confirmed in both depressed and healthy adults, regardless of health status
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Effects emerge from 2 sessions/week for 8–12 weeks; additional frequency provides diminishing returns
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