Sources & Citations
Sources
A list of the research and outlets this site references.
- 01Free Weights vs Machines for Strength and Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Haugen ME, et al. · BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · 2023 · DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00713-4
- 02Effects of CoQ10 Supplementation on Cardiovascular Function and Energy Metabolism: A Meta-Analysis
Mantle D, Hargreaves IP, et al. · Nutrients (MDPI) · 2022 · DOI: 10.3390/nu14071450
- 03Strength Training vs Stretching for Flexibility (Range of Motion): A Meta-Analysis of 11 RCTs
Afonso J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Moscão J, et al. · Healthcare (Basel) · 2021 · DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040427
- 04Body Recomposition: Simultaneous Muscle Gain and Fat Loss — A Review
Barakat C, Pearson J, Escalante G, Campbell B, De Souza EO · Strength and Conditioning Journal · 2020 · DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000584
- 05Free Weight vs Machine Training for Muscle Size and Strength: An 8-Week RCT
Schwanbeck SR, Cornish SM, Barss T, Chilibeck PD · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · 2020 · DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003349
- 06Physiological differences between females and males in resistance training outcomes: a systematic review
Roberts BM, Nuckols G, Krieger JW · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · 2020 · DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003412
- 07Effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on muscle soreness following exercise: a meta-analysis
Fedewa MV, et al. · International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research · 2019 · DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000543
- 08Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on strength and body composition in trained and competitive athletes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Sanchez-Martinez J, Santos-Lozano A, Garcia-Hermoso A, Sadarangani KP, Cristi-Montero C · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · 2018 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.004
- 09Efficacy of ketogenic diet on body composition during resistance training in trained men: a randomized controlled trial
Vargas S, Romance R, Petro JL, Bonilla DA, Galancho I, Espinar S, Kreider RB, Benitez-Porres J · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2018 · DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0236-9
- 10Effects of Taurine Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Muscle Fatigue: A Meta-Analysis
Waldron M, et al. · Sports Medicine · 2018 · DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0868-7
- 11Glutamine supplementation in sport and exercise: A review in the field of immunology and cell biology
Cruzat V, Macedo Rogero M, Noel Keane K, Curi R, Newsholme P · Nutrients · 2018 · DOI: 10.3390/nu10111564
- 12Caffeine ingestion improves muscular strength and power (meta-analysis)
Grgic J, et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2018 · DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0216-0
- 13Protein supplementation augments resistance-training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength (meta-analysis)
Morton RW, et al. · British Journal of Sports Medicine · 2018 · DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097608
- 14Fasted vs Fed Exercise for Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Hackett D, Hagstrom AD · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · 2017 · DOI: 10.3390/jfmk2040043
- 15Low-load bench press and push-up induce similar muscle hypertrophy and strength gain
Kikuchi N, Nakazato K · Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness · 2017 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2017.01.001
- 16Crescent pyramid and drop-set systems do not promote greater strength gains, muscle hypertrophy, and changes on muscle architecture compared with traditional resistance training in well-trained men
Angleri V, Ugrinowitsch C, Libardi CA · European Journal of Applied Physiology · 2017 · DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3642-4
- 17Effects of collagen peptide supplementation on joint pain, skin elasticity, and cartilage protection: a randomized controlled trial
Shaw G, Lee-Barthel A, Ross ML, Wang B, Baar K · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · 2017 · DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.138594
- 18Bioavailability and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Turmeric and Curcumin: A Systematic Review
Hewlings SJ, Kalman DS · Foods · 2017 · DOI: 10.3390/foods6100092
- 19Strength and Hypertrophy Adaptations Between Low- vs. High-Load Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Ogborn D, Krieger JW · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · 2017 · DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002200
- 20Branched-chain amino acids and muscle protein synthesis in humans: myth or reality?
Wolfe RR · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2017 · DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0184-9
- 21Creatine supplementation augments gains in strength and lean mass from resistance training (meta-analysis)
Chilibeck PD, et al. · Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine · 2017 · DOI: 10.2147/OAJSM.S123529
- 22Dose-response relationship between weekly sets (training volume) and hypertrophy (systematic review)
Schoenfeld BJ, et al. · Journal of Sports Sciences · 2017 · DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1210197
- 23Post-Exercise Hormone Elevations and Hypertrophy/Strength in 49 Trained Men: A 12-Week Study
Morton RW, Oikawa SY, Wavell CG, Mazara N, McGlory C, Quadrilatero J, Baechler BL, Baker SK, Phillips SM · Journal of Applied Physiology · 2016 · DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00154.2016
- 24Fat and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Fasted vs Fed Aerobic Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Vieira AF, Costa RR, Macedo RCO, Coconcelli L, Kruel LFM · British Journal of Nutrition · 2016 · DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516003160
- 25Effect of Footwear (Barefoot, Running, Weightlifting) on Joint Load Distribution in the Squat
Southwell DJ, Petersen SA, Beach TAC, Graham RB · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · 2016 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.10.005
- 26Longer Interset Rest Periods Enhance Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy in Resistance-Trained Men
Schoenfeld BJ, Pope ZK, Benik FM, Hester GM, Sellers J, Nooner JL, Schnak JA, Bond KF, Carter JM, Aragon AA · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · 2016 · DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001272
- 27B vitamins and energy metabolism: roles, deficiencies, and supplementation effects — a review
Kennedy DO · Nutrients · 2016 · DOI: 10.3390/nu8020068
- 28Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Fat Metabolism, Exercise Performance, and Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis
Pooyandjoo M, et al. · Obesity Reviews · 2016 · DOI: 10.1111/obr.12436
- 29Squat Kinematics and Muscle Activation in Running (Cushioned) Shoes, Barefoot, and Weightlifting Shoes
Sinclair J, McCarthy D, Bentley I, Hurst HT, Atkins S · European Journal of Sport Science · 2015 · DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2014.965752
- 30Food Order Has a Significant Impact on Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Levels
Shukla AP, Iliescu RG, Thomas CE, Aronne LJ · Diabetes Care · 2015 · DOI: 10.2337/dc16-2545
- 31Effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and clinical health markers in humans
Tinsley GM, La Bounty PM · Nutrition Reviews · 2015 · DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv041
- 32Effect of low-fat diet interventions versus other diet interventions on long-term weight change in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Tobias DK, Chen M, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, Willett W, Hu FB · Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology · 2015 · DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00367-8
- 33A review of resistance training-induced changes in skeletal muscle protein synthesis and their contribution to hypertrophy
Damas F, Phillips SM, Vechin FC, Ugrinowitsch C · Sports Medicine · 2015 · DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0438-8
- 34Meta-analysis of curcumin supplementation on exercise-induced inflammation and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
Yavari A, Javadi M, Mirmiran P, Bahadoran Z · Asian Journal of Sports Medicine · 2015 · DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.25966
- 35Folic acid supplementation for prevention of neural tube defects: a meta-analysis of randomized trials
De-Regil LM, Peña-Rosas JP, Fernández-Gaxiola AC, Rayco-Solon P · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2015 · DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007950.pub3
- 36Examining the effect of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trial
Wankhede S, Langade D, Joshi K, Sinha SR, Bhattacharyya S · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2015 · DOI: 10.1186/s12970-015-0104-9
- 37Effects of Low- vs. High-Load Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy in Well-Trained Men
Schoenfeld BJ, Peterson MD, Ogborn D, Contreras B, Sonmez GT · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · 2015 · DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000958
- 38Effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength in athletes: A systematic review
Tomlinson PB, Joseph C, Angioi M · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · 2015 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.07.009
- 39Fasted vs Fed Aerobic Exercise and Body Composition: A 4-Week RCT Under Caloric Restriction
Schoenfeld BJ, Aragon AA, Wilborn CD, Krieger JW, Sonmez GT · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2014 · DOI: 10.1186/s12970-014-0054-7
- 40High-Protein Overfeeding and Body Composition in Trained Individuals: An 8-Week RCT
Antonio J, Peacock CA, Ellerbroek A, Fromhoff B, Silver T · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2014 · DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-19
- 41Exercise Interventions to Prevent Sports Injuries: A Meta-Analysis of Stretching and Strength Training
Lauersen JB, Bertelsen DM, Andersen LB · British Journal of Sports Medicine · 2014 · DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092538
- 42Alcohol Ingestion Impairs Maximal Post-Exercise Rates of Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis following a Single Bout of Concurrent Training
Parr EB, Camera DM, Areta JL, Burke LM, Phillips SM, Hawley JA, Coffey VG · PLOS ONE · 2014 · DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088384
- 43The effectiveness of breakfast recommendations on weight loss: a randomized controlled trial
Dhurandhar EJ, Dawson J, Alcorn A, Larsen LH, Thomas EA, Cardel M, Bourland AC, Astrup A, St-Onge MP, Hill JO, Apovian CM, Shikany JM, Allison DB · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · 2014 · DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.089573
- 44Iron Deficiency and Aerobic Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Pasricha SR, et al. · British Journal of Haematology · 2014 · DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12992
- 45Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota, IBS symptoms, and immune function: a meta-analysis
Ford AC, Quigley EM, Lacy BE, Lembo AJ, Saito YA, Schiller LR, Soffer EE, Spiegel BM, Moayyedi P · American Journal of Gastroenterology · 2014 · DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.202
- 46Deep vs Shallow Squats for Hypertrophy and Strength: A 12-Week RCT
Bloomquist K, Langberg H, Karlsen S, Madsgaard S, Boesen M, Raastad T · European Journal of Applied Physiology · 2013 · DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2642-7
- 47Squat Depth and Load on the Knee and Spine: A Review of 164 Studies
Hartmann H, Wirth K, Klusemann M · Sports Medicine · 2013 · DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0073-6
- 48Pre-Exercise Static Stretching and Maximal Strength/Power: A Meta-Analysis of 104 Studies
Simic L, Sarabon N, Markovic G · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · 2013 · DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01444.x
- 49Magnitude of Energy Surplus and Body Composition in Elite Athletes: An RCT
Garthe I, Raastad T, Refsnes PE, Sundgot-Borgen J · European Journal of Sport Science · 2013 · DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2011.643923
- 50Dietary Nitrate (Beetroot) Supplementation and Aerobic Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Hoon MW, et al. · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · 2013 · DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.23.5.507
- 51Meta-analysis of melatonin supplementation effects on sleep quality and sleep onset
Ferracioli-Oda E, Qawasmi A, Bloch MH · PLOS ONE · 2013 · DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063773
- 52Effects of vitamin K2 (MK-7) supplementation on bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, and arterial calcification: a randomized controlled trial
Knapen MH, Drummen NE, Smit E, Vermeer C, Theuwissen E · Osteoporosis International · 2013 · DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2325-6
- 53Exercise-Induced Hormone Responses and Their Correlation with Strength/Hypertrophy: A Cohort of 56 Young Men
West DWD, Phillips SM · European Journal of Applied Physiology · 2012 · DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2246-z
- 54Stretch Duration and Performance Impairment: A Systematic Review of 106 Studies
Kay AD, Blazevich AJ · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · 2012 · DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318225cb27
- 55Effect of Weightlifting Shoes on Squat Posture and Trunk Lean: An Acute Biomechanics Study
Sato K, Fortenbaugh D, Hydock DS · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · 2012 · DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318218dd64
- 56Dietary sugars and body weight: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies
Te Morenga LA, Mallard S, Mann J · BMJ · 2012 · DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e7492
- 57The Effects of Glycine on Subjective Daytime Performance in Partially Sleep-Restricted Healthy Volunteers
Bannai M, Kawai N, Ono K, Nakahara K, Mori N · Frontiers in Neurology · 2012 · DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00061
- 58Effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis
Hobson RM, Saunders B, Ball G, Harris RC, Sale C · Amino Acids · 2012 · DOI: 10.1007/s00750-011-0663-x
- 59The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
Abbasi B, Kimiagar M, Sadeghniiat K, Shirazi MM, Hedayati M, Rashidkhani B · Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · 2012 · DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.104730
- 60Does Abdominal Exercise Reduce Abdominal Fat? A 6-Week RCT
Vispute SS, Smith JD, LeCheminant JD, Hurley KS · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · 2011 · DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181fb4a46
- 61Does Physiological Elevation of Endogenous Hormones Enhance Training Adaptation? An 11-Week Within-Subject Trial
Rønnestad BR, Nygaard H, Raastad T · European Journal of Applied Physiology · 2011 · DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1860-0
- 62Effect of two different weight-loss rates on body composition and strength and power-related performance in elite athletes
Garthe I, Raastad T, Refsnes PE, Koivisto A, Sundgot-Borgen J · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · 2011 · DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.21.2.97
- 63Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augment the muscle protein anabolic response to hyperinsulinaemia-hyperaminoacidaemia in healthy young and middle-aged men and women
Smith GI, Atherton P, Reeds DN, Mohammed BS, Rankin D, Rennie MJ, Mittendorfer B · Clinical Science · 2011 · DOI: 10.1042/CS20100597
- 64Sleep and muscle recovery: endocrinological and molecular basis for a new and promising hypothesis
Dattilo M, Antunes HK, Medeiros A, Monico-Neto M, Souza HS, Lee KS, Tufik S, de Mello MT · Medical Hypotheses · 2011 · DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.03.049
- 65Effects of electrolyte and hydration strategies on exercise performance and muscle cramp prevention: a review
Shirreffs SM, Sawka MN · Journal of Sports Sciences · 2011 · DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2011.614269
- 66Sleep extension improves athletic performance
Mah CD, et al. · Sleep · 2011 · DOI: 10.5665/SLEEP.1132
- 67Are Post-Exercise Anabolic Hormone Elevations Required for Hypertrophy? A 15-Week Within-Subject Trial
West DWD, Burd NA, Tang JE, Moore DR, Staples AW, Holwerda AM, Baker SK, Phillips SM · Journal of Applied Physiology · 2010 · DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01147.2009
- 68Resistance exercise for muscular strength in older adults: A meta-analysis
Peterson MD, Rhea MR, Sen A, Gordon PM · Ageing Research Reviews · 2010 · DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.09.001
- 69Clinical studies show no effects of soy protein or isoflavones on reproductive hormones in men: results of a meta-analysis
Hamilton-Reeves JM, Vazquez G, Duval SJ, Phipps WR, Kurzer MS, Messina MJ · Fertility and Sterility · 2010 · DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.000
- 70Effect of agonist-antagonist complex resistance training on upper body strength and power development
Robbins DW, Young WB, Behm DG, Payne WR · Journal of Sports Sciences · 2010 · DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2010.481748
- 71Water Consumption Increases Weight Loss During a Hypocaloric Diet Intervention in Middle-aged and Older Adults
Dennis EA, Dengo AL, Comber DL, Flack KD, Savla J, Davy KP, Davy BM · Obesity · 2010 · DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.235
- 72Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Joint Pain and Cartilage Protection: Meta-Analysis Including the GAIT Trial
Wandel S, et al. · BMJ · 2010 · DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c4675
- 73Effects of Maca Supplementation on Libido, Energy, and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review
Shin BC, et al. · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · 2010 · DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-44
- 74Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness
Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · 2010 · DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cb28e0
- 75Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in young men
Tang JE, Moore DR, Kujbida GW, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM · Journal of Applied Physiology · 2009 · DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00076.2009
- 76Effect of zinc and magnesium supplementation on testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in resistance-trained men
Koehler K, Parr MK, Geyer H, Mester J, Schänzer W · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · 2009 · DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2008.64
- 77Assessment methods in human body composition
Lee SY, Gallagher D · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · 2008 · DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32830fe6a9
- 78Effect of concurrent endurance and circuit resistance training sequence on muscular strength and power development
Chtara M, Chaouachi A, Levin GT, Chaouachi M, Chamari K, Amri M, Laursen PB · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · 2008 · DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318173557f
- 79Blood Flow and Lipolysis in Adipose Tissue Adjacent to Contracting Muscle: An Acute Study
Stallknecht B, Dela F, Helge JW · American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism · 2007 · DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00215.2006
- 80Single-Arm Resistance Training and Subcutaneous Fat: Localized vs Whole-Body Fat Loss by MRI
Kostek MA, Pescatello LS, Seip RL, et al. · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · 2007 · DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31805371be
- 81Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training
Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA · Sports Medicine · 2005 · DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200535040-00004
- 82Reduced Maximal Force Production on Unstable Surfaces: Stable vs Unstable Conditions
Anderson KG, Behm DG · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · 2004 · DOI: 10.1519/R-12832.1
- 83Vitamin and mineral status: effects on physical performance
Lukaski HC · Nutrition · 2004 · DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.07.013
- 84Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis
Shea B, Wells G, Cranney A, Zytaruk N, Robinson V, Griffith L, Hamel C, Ortiz Z, Peterson J, Adachi J, Tugwell P, Guyatt G · Endocrine Reviews · 2002 · DOI: 10.1210/er.23.4.552
- 85Distribution of Skeletal Muscle Mass: Whole-Body MRI in 468 Adults
Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Wang ZM, Ross R · Journal of Applied Physiology · 2000 · DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.81
- 86Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Testosterone Levels and Immune Function
Prasad AS, et al. · Nutrition · 1996 · DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(96)00182-5
- 87Meta-analysis of vitamin C supplementation on immune function and upper respiratory tract infection risk after exercise
Peters EM, Goetzsche JM, Grobbelaar B, Noakes TD · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · 1993 · DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/57.2.170