Vitamin B12
A water-soluble vitamin essential for nerve function, red blood cell production, and DNA synthesis. Found only in animal products — vegans and vegetarians are at high deficiency risk and supplementation is strongly recommended.
A well-studied, foundational ingredient
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Effects reported in research
Prevents and corrects megaloblastic anemia and neuropathy from deficiency
Functions as a cofactor in energy metabolism (fatty acid and amino acid metabolism)
Essential supplementation for vegans, elderly, and those with low stomach acid
Dosage & timing
- 2.4 μg/day (adult RDA).
- High-risk individuals may be recommended 500–1,000 μg/day (absorption decreases proportionally at higher doses).
Cautions
- •Low toxicity risk due to water solubility.
- •Certain medications (metformin, PPIs) reduce B12 absorption.
- •Methylcobalamin form is often preferred for neurological support.
Supporting research
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