PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)
A quinone compound potentially promoting mitochondrial biogenesis (new mitochondria formation). Some studies show effects on cognitive function, memory, and energy production, but human evidence remains limited.
An ingredient with still-limited research
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Effects reported in research
May promote mitochondrial biogenesis, improving cellular energy capacity
Small studies suggest improvements in cognitive function, memory, and attention
Potent antioxidant contributing to oxidative stress reduction
Dosage & timing
- 10–20 mg/day.
- Sometimes combined with CoQ10 for potential synergistic effects.
Cautions
- •Long-term safety data is insufficient.
- •Consult a doctor for kidney conditions.
- •Much of the research is manufacturer-funded — independent verification is needed.
Supporting research
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