Effect of low-fat diet interventions versus other diet interventions on long-term weight change in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Tobias DK, Chen M, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, Willett W, Hu FB
High-confidence evidence from multiple solid studies
Summary
低脂肪食と他の食事介入（低糖質食・地中海食など）を比較した53件のRCTのメタ分析。12ヶ月以上の長期では低脂肪食と低糖質食の体重減少効果に有意差はなかった。短期では低糖質食が体重減少で優位に見えるが、その多くは水分喪失によるもの。
Key findings
- 1
12ヶ月以上の長期介入では低脂肪食と低糖質食の体重減少に有意差なし
- 2
低糖質食は開始初期に体重が急落するが、これは主にグリコーゲン枯渇による水分喪失
- 3
長期的な減量成功の最大要因は「継続できるかどうか」であり食事パターンの種類ではない
- 4
代謝上の優位性（インスリン仮説）は長期試験では支持されなかった
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